Insurance glossary

Insurance has a language problem. Here are 50 terms you'll actually run into, defined the way we'd explain them across the desk.

Collin with Frankie the Doberman and Walter the bull terrier

The terms, explained

Actual cash value

What your stuff is worth today, with depreciation taken out. A five year old TV gets paid as a five year old TV.

Additional insured

Someone besides you who's covered under your policy, like a landlord or a business partner.

Adjuster

The person the insurance company sends to look at your claim and figure out what gets paid.

Agent

That's us. Licensed to advise you, quote you, and manage your coverage. Independent agents work with many carriers, not one.

Appraisal

A professional opinion of what something is worth. Often needed for jewelry, art, or older homes.

Binder

Temporary proof of coverage while the paperwork catches up. Handy at a car dealership or a real estate closing.

Bodily injury liability

The part of your policy that pays when you injure someone else. Medical bills, lost wages, legal costs.

Bundling

Buying more than one policy from the same carrier, usually home and auto. Almost always earns a discount.

Cancellation

Ending a policy before its renewal date. You can cancel anytime. A carrier can too, but they need a reason and notice.

Carrier

The insurance company itself. The one that collects premiums and pays claims. We work with several.

Certificate of insurance

A one page proof that your business is insured. Landlords and clients ask for these all the time.

Claim

Your formal request for the insurance company to pay for a covered loss.

Collision coverage

Pays to fix your car after an accident, no matter who caused it.

Comprehensive coverage

Covers car damage that isn't a collision. Theft, hail, fire, deer.

Declarations page

The summary page of your policy. Who's covered, for what, for how much. If you read one page, read this one.

Deductible

What you pay out of pocket on a claim before insurance pays the rest.

Depreciation

The value something loses as it ages. It matters a lot in how claims get paid.

Dwelling coverage

The part of a home policy that covers the structure of the house itself.

Endorsement

An add-on or change to a policy. Also called a rider. Jewelry coverage is a common one.

Exclusion

Something a policy specifically does not cover. Worth knowing before you need to know.

Flood insurance

Separate coverage for flood damage, which standard home policies don't include. Yes, we can write it.

Full coverage

Casual shorthand for liability plus collision and comprehensive. Not a legal term, so make sure yours means what you think it means.

Grace period

Extra time to pay after the due date before anything cancels.

Hard market

Industry conditions where rates rise and carriers get picky. When shopping around matters most.

Homeowners insurance

Covers your house, your belongings, and your liability at home.

Independent agency

An agency that represents multiple carriers instead of one, so it can shop your coverage. That's us.

Liability coverage

Pays for injuries and damage you cause to other people. The core of most policies.

Limit

The most a policy will pay for a covered loss. You choose it when you buy.

Loss of use

Pays for a place to stay when a covered loss makes your home unlivable.

Medical payments coverage

Pays small medical bills after an injury, no fault-finding required.

Named insured

The person or business the policy actually belongs to.

No-fault insurance

New York's system where your own policy pays your injury bills after a car accident, whoever caused it.

Personal injury protection (PIP)

The no-fault coverage itself. Medical bills, lost wages, and more after an auto accident.

Personal property coverage

Covers your stuff. Furniture, clothes, electronics, wherever it happens to be.

Policy

The contract between you and the carrier. The declarations page is the summary. The policy is the whole deal.

Policyholder

The person who owns the policy. Probably you.

Premium

What you pay for insurance, monthly or annually. Paying in full often earns a discount.

Quote

An estimate of what a policy will cost. Free, always. Especially here.

Renewal

The point where a policy term ends and a new one begins, usually with a new price. The right time to re-shop.

Renters insurance

Covers a tenant's belongings and liability. The landlord's policy doesn't.

Replacement cost

Pays what it costs to buy new, without subtracting depreciation. The better way to insure your stuff.

Rider

Another word for endorsement. An add-on to a policy.

Subrogation

When your carrier pays your claim, then goes after whoever caused the loss to get the money back. It can bring your deductible back too.

Term

How long a policy lasts, usually six or twelve months.

Umbrella policy

Extra liability coverage on top of home and auto. Protection for lawsuit-sized problems.

Underinsured motorist coverage

Protects you when the at-fault driver has some insurance, but not enough.

Underwriting

How a carrier sizes up a risk and decides what to charge for it.

Uninsured motorist coverage

Protects you when the at-fault driver has no insurance at all.

Waiver of subrogation

A contract clause where a carrier gives up its right to chase the at-fault party. It shows up in business leases and contracts.

Workers' compensation

Covers employees hurt on the job. Required for most New York employers.

Want it explained in person?

Send us your policy and we'll walk you through what it actually says.